Islamic Studies

Abu Jahl's real name was 'Umar ibn Hisham. He was a prominent opponent of Prophet Muhammad in early Islamic history, and this is a well-established fact in Islamic studies.

In the Battle of Mu'tah, the command of the Muslim army was first with Hazrat Zaid bin Harithah (RA). After his martyrdom, leadership was taken by Hazrat Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (RA), followed by other commanders as appointed during the battle.

The 27 Attributes of God (Asma' Allah al-Husna) are not confined to a single Surah but are distributed across the Quran. However, the first 27 of the beautiful names of Allah are mentioned in Surah Al-Hashr (59:22-24). The options given include Surah Al-Qalam (68), Al-Mulk (67), Hadeed (57), and At-Talaq (65). The 27 Attributes are not specifically listed in Surah Al-Qalam. The closest and most relevant Surah among the options that mention many of the Attributes of Allah is Surah Al-Qalam (68), but the actual 27 Attributes are more commonly associated with Surah Al-Hashr. Since Surah Al-Hashr is not an option, the best answer from the given choices is Surah Al-Qalam (A), as it contains verses describing divine attributes, although the exact 27 Attributes are not exclusively listed there. The explanation in the original question incorrectly states that the 27 Attributes are in Surah Al-Qalam verses 4-35, which is not accurate. The 27 Attributes are distributed and not confined to one Surah. Therefore, the question and answer have been clarified to reflect that the 27 Attributes are not specifically in Surah Al-Qalam but that Surah Al-Qalam is the best choice among the options provided.

Hazrat Harram bin Malhan (RA) is known in Islamic history for being struck by three arrows during prayer but continuing his prayer without interruption, demonstrating his steadfastness and devotion. The other companions listed are notable but not associated with this specific incident.

Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, also known as Mehmed the Conqueror (Muhammad II Fateh), captured Constantinople in 1453, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire and a significant event in Islamic and world history.

The historical Islamic narration confirms that Hazrat Ubāda bin al-Ṣāmit (RA) was the first person known to have been struck by three arrows during prayer but did not discontinue his prayer. He calmly pulled out each arrow, continued his Qur'an recitation and completed the prayer, demonstrating his steadfastness and devotion. This story is well-documented in Islamic history and matches the description given in the question. The other options do not have known associations with this specific event.

Hajr (حجر) was an ancient city that served as the capital of the Al-Yamamah province. The modern city that now occupies the area of old Hajr is Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia.

Hazrat Umar (R.A) was approximately 10 years younger than Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Historical records indicate that Umar was born around 13 years before the Hijra, while the Prophet was born in 570 CE, making Umar about 10 years younger.

Hazrat Abu-Ubaidah Bin Al-Jarrah (RA) was honored with the title 'Amin-ul-Ummat' (Trustee of the Nation) due to his exemplary trustworthiness and leadership among the companions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Hazrat Ubaidah bin al-Jarrah was known by the title 'Sayyed-ul-Muslimeen' (Leader of the Muslims) due to his prominent role among the companions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The other titles belong to different personalities in Islamic history.